Waste collection, waste disposal and disposal.
Sorting and pretreatment, after which the waste is sent for recycling, as well as for sale of secondary resources. Wastes such as plastics, paper products, metal, glass are recycled. 5-7 cycles of processing can go through wood and paper, 1-3 cycles withstand plastic. After which their fibers are degraded and they become unsuitable.
recyclable. Metals recovered in the process of recycling waste into energy are sent for recycling and can be infinitely involved in the working cycle.
Non-recyclable waste is transferred to automatic sorting stations where they are divided into fractions that pass through a shredder, vibratory feeders, a magnetic separator, a drum screen, a dryer, and an air separator.
Next, the waste enters the garbage chute through the kiln line, where further the waste is sent to the furnace. The garbage chute mechanism pushes waste at the lower end of the stand into the receiving part of the grate, where the waste burns completely. And, as the grates move, they fall into the “slag bath”. Slag bath – a place for cooling in the water of burnt waste (supplied as an additional filtration system for sewage treatment plants).
To prevent environmental pollution, combustion products go through five stages of purification.
First level: electrofiltration. At this stage of cleaning, dust particles are removed using an electric charge. Under the action of an electric field, small particles are separated, and then they are deposited on the electrodes. Then assemble mechanically for study.
The second and third level: cleaning products of combustion. The task of these two purification stages is to collect combustion products to remove the gaseous constituents of the acid HCl, SO2 and solid residues.
In the first stage, the gases are cooled and treated in oppositely directed streams of water to dissolve the hydrogen chloride.
In the second stage, sulfur dioxide is washed off and forms sulfuric acid, as a result of reaction with washing water. Sulfuric acid is neutralized with sodium hydroxide.
Water-saturated combustion products pass through the electrostatic precipitator system installed in the upper part and are sprayed using a nozzle.
Fourth level : denitrification. At this stage, ammonia is used to convert nitric oxide to elemental nitrogen and water. The reaction is supported by the use of catalysts for optimum effect.
Fifth stage: filtration through activated carbon. At the last stage, the combustion products still contain harmful substances (halogenated hydrocarbons, dioxins), which are absorbed by means of activated carbon. Coal is mixed with the stream of combustion products and passes through the filtration system, settling on the filter.
Recycling of metallurgical slags.
Slag is processed in several stages and sorted. In addition, the slag is sorted by particle size. Then, using a magnet, ferrous and non-ferrous metal scrap is removed, which is later processed by smelting. The range of products that can be produced from slag is very wide: it is stone casting (paving stones and slabs for flooring, various pipes and gutters, lining plates, belt conveyor rollers), building blocks, facing tiles, etc. Base material for the production of building materials is liquid or granulated slag obtained in the process of thermal utilization of solid waste.
Thermal energy.
During the combustion process, heat is generated, which heats the pipeline and the water, which heats up to the boiling point, resulting in steam. Steam is supplied under pressure to the turbine, which produces electrical energy. Electric power is used both by the station itself and by the city, that is, it is fed into the general network.